The reproductive strategy of clonal plants has intrigued scientists and naturalists for decades. Many of these plants invest much energy each year to produce large amounts of fruits with seeds, and yet their seedlings are rarely found in the field. A clear example […]
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Frugivory and seed dispersal by animals are essential processes for the normal functioning of most ecosystems. Different animals differ in their effectiveness as seed dispersers because 1) they disperse different […]
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Brown bears are important seed dispersers because they feed intensively on fleshy fruits and defecate their seeds, enhancing their germination. However, bears are also opportunistic animals and can switch their diet to human-derived foods if these become abundant, which may potentially compromise the […]
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Damage to livestock and agriculture by predators does not occur equally across the landscape, but more frequently at certain locations. A new study found that brown bear damage to beehives can increase up to three times in apiaries located in a risky landscape – good […]
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Bear in the eastern Carpathians often use cavities in old trees (mostly fir) to spend the winter and give birth to cubs. According to the Habitats Directive, these areas cannot be destroyed. According to the Polish law, a protection area of 500 m around the den should be established from the […]
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